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Authors
Bian, Yuqi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0650-0623
Zhao, Sharon H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5664-0697
Shramuk, Maxwell Edwin https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7453-2948
Schauer, Jacob M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9041-7082
Riley, Joan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3084-4613
Komorowski, Allison https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-8392
Bernardi, Lia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hecktman Family Foundation through Northwestern University Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
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Article History
Received: 26 November 2024
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 11 September 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of Northwestern University approved this study.
: This study was granted a waiver of the consent process by the Institutional Review Board at Northwestern University.
: This study was granted a waiver of the consent process by the Institutional Review Board at Northwestern University.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
