Chakraborty, Sanchari https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7132-5636
Pal, Randrita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-8565
Begum, Farzana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-2723
Naskar, Tapan Kumar
Das, Nilansu
Basu, Barnali Ray https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9372-5323
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal (ST/P/S&T/9G-5/2018)
Article History
Received: 28 December 2024
Accepted: 21 September 2025
First Online: 22 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The Institutional Human Ethics Committee of Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata (MC/KOL/IEC/NON-SPON/1275/02/22) and the Calcutta University Institutional Ethics Committee (CUIEC/03/40/2022–23) have approved the research study.
: In the case–control observational study, human subjects (women) were involved. Necessary written consents were acquired from all women volunteers on predesigned and preapproved trilingual (English, Hindi, and Bengali) consent forms. The consent form .pdf file has been uploaded.
: Authors have taken all the necessary consents from individuals to publish the data prior to submitting the paper to the journal.
: All authors (Sanchari Chakraborty, Randrita Pal, Farzana Begum, Tapan Kumar Naskar, Nilansu Das, Barnali Ray Basu) declare that there is no competing interest. The authors are solely responsible for the content and writing of the manuscript.
: All authors (Sanchari Chakraborty, Randrita Pal, Farzana Begum, Tapan Kumar Naskar, Nilansu Das, Barnali Ray Basu) declare that there is no conflicts of interest/competing interests. The authors are solely responsible for the content and writing of the manuscript. Nothing to disclose. The.docx file of the ICMJE disclosure form is uploaded.