Funding for this research was provided by:
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Grant 411-12-035)
Article History
Received: 10 August 2023
Revised: 20 October 2023
Accepted: 25 October 2023
First Online: 8 November 2023
Declarations
:
: Ethical review and approval were waived for this study, due to the fact that at our faculty during the period of data collection (February to June 2016) obtaining approval from an ethical review board was not yet common practice. In the Netherlands only in 2018 a general and shared ‘Code of Ethics for Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences involving Human Participants’ was published and signed by the deans of all Dutch Social Sciences faculties. This code states that participants must give their ‘informed consent’ to take part in research: “Participants, or their legal representatives, must be given ample opportunity to understand the nature, purpose and anticipated consequences of research participation, so that they will be able to give informed consent to the extent to which they are capable of doing so.” (p. 7) Although these rules were not applicable at the time of our study, we made sure our participants, as well as the legal representatives of our student participants, were informed on matters mentioned above. Students’ legal representatives also had the opportunity to withdraw their child from participation (passive consent). Moreover, as the study took place at school during regular classes, and thus while students were under supervision of the school, the schools’ confirmation of participation in our study was additionally considered as consent.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.