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Authors
Kim, Young-Hun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-7491
Lee, Da-Som https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1888-7228
Lee, Jung-Eum https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-8683
Kim, Heon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-5249
Kim, Yong-Dae https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-8045
Hong, Young-Seoub https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-3761
Park, Jung-Duck https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-4674
Choi, Byung-Sun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-7123
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chung-Ang University (Research Scholarship grant, Research grant in 2013)
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Revised: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 5 June 2025
First Online: 8 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: Heavy metal exposure levels were evaluated in this study by collecting biological samples, such as blood and urine, with the consent of local residents. The study design received approval from the Chung-Ang University Institutional Review Board (CAUIRB) (Approval No. 1041078–202007-HRB-1731).
: Participants were informed of the purpose of this study. Those who wished to participate provided written consent.
: Participants were informed of the purpose of the present study. Those who wished to participate provided written consent.
