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Authors
Escalante-Vega, Aranza https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6730-4179
del Coro Arizmendi, María https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4838-5432
Corado, Rene https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-6395
Chico-Avelino, Mónica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5687-3597
Nuñez-Rosas, Laura E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7705-8110
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IN213223)
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IA204623)
FESI-PAPCA (2021-2022-71)
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Revised: 24 June 2026
Accepted: 10 July 2026
First Online: 30 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: All fieldwork and data collection were conducted in strict accordance with the Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research and the legal regulations of Mexico. We obtained the required authorization from the Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Semarnat) for the monitoring and handling of hummingbird nests (permit number SGPA/DGVS/03512). Observations and measurements were carried out with minimal disturbance to the birds to ensure their well-being. No animals were captured or harmed during this study.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
