Document is current

Article History

Received: 4 February 2020

Accepted: 6 June 2020

First Online: 26 June 2020

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: Kira F. Skaggs—No Disclosures. Adrian J. Lin—No Disclosures. Lindsay M. Andras—Biomet: Paid consultant; Paid presenter or speaker. Eli Lilly: Stock or stock Options. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics: Editorial or governing board. Medtronic: Paid consultant; Paid presenter or speaker. Nuvasive: Paid consultant; Paid presenter or speaker. Orthobullets: Publishing royalties, financial or material support. Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: Board or committee member. Scoliosis Research Society: Board or committee member. Zimmer: Paid consultant. Kenneth D. Illingworth—No Disclosures. David L. Skaggs—CHLA Foundation: Board or committee member. Grand Rounds: Paid consultant. Green Sun Medical: Stock or stock Options. Growing Spine Foundation: Board or committee member. Growing Spine Study Group: Board or committee member. Journal of Children's Orthopaedics: Editorial or governing board. Medtronic: Other financial or material support. Nuvasive (Co-PI, Paid to Growing Spine Foundation): Research support. Orthobullets: Editorial or governing board; Paid consultant; Stock or stock Options. Orthopedics Today: Editorial or governing board. Spine Deformity: Editorial or governing board. Wolters Kluwer Health: Publishing royalties, financial or material support. ZimmerBiomet: IP royalties; Other financial or material support; Paid consultant; Paid presenter or speaker. Zipline Medical, Inc.: Stock or stock Options.

: This study has been carried out with approval from the Institutional Review Board at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles.

: Waiver of Consent.