Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 January 2020

Accepted: 15 October 2020

First Online: 17 November 2020

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: Bram P. Verhofste: nothing to disclose; Jay G. Berry: JAMA Pediatrics: editorial or governing board; Patricia E. Miller: nothing to disclose; Charis N. Crofton: nothing to disclose; Brigid M. Garrity: nothing to disclose; Nicholas D. Fletcher: Medtronic: paid presenter or speaker; Medtronic Sofamor Danek: paid consultant; Nuvasive: paid presenter or speaker; Orthopaediatrics: paid presenter or speaker; unpaid consultant; Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: board or committee member; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Zimmer: paid presenter or speaker; Michelle C. Marks: Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: board or committee member; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation (FKA Harms Study Group Foundation): board or committee member; Suken A. Shah: AAOS: board or committee member; DePuy Synthes Spine: IP royalties; paid consultant; DePuy Synthes Spine via Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: research support. Electrocore: stock or stock options; Globus Medical: paid consultant; Innovative Surgical Designs, Inc.: stock or stock options; K2M: IP royalties; K2M via Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: research support; NuVasive via Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: research support; Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: board or committee member; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: board or committee member; Springer: publishing royalties, financial or material support; Peter O. Newton: DePuy Synthes Spine via Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: research support; DePuy Synthes Spine, A Johnson & Johnson Company: IP royalties; ElectroCore: stock or stock Options; EOS Imaging via Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: research support; Harms Study Group: board or committee member; International Pediatric Orthopedic Think Tank: board or committee member; K2M via Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: research support; MAZOR Surgical Technologies: Research support; Medtronic via Setting Scoliosis Straight: Research support; Nuvasive via Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: Research support; Scoliosis Research Society: Board or committee member; Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: Board or committee member; Stryker K2M: IP royalties; Paid consultant; Theime Publishing: Publishing royalties, financial or material support; Zimmer Biomet via Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: Research support; Amer Samdani: Children's Spine Study Group: Board or committee member; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: paid consultant; Ethicon: paid consultant; Globus Medical: paid consultant; Nuvasive: IP royalties; PAID consultant; Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: board or committee member; Stryker: paid consultant; Zimmer Biomet: IP royalties; paid consultant; Mark F. Abel: nothing to disclose; Paul D. Sponseller: DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: IP royalties; paid consultant; research support; Globus Medical: IP royalties; Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: editorial or governing board; Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American: publishing royalties, financial or material support; Orthpediatrics: other financial or material support; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Harms Study Group: Biomet: research support; CHU Sainte-Justine: research support; DePuy Synthes Spine, a Johnson & Johnson Co.: research support; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: other financial or material support; EOS Imaging: research support; Globus Medical: other financial or material support; Hanger Clinic: other financial or material support; K2M: research support; Medicrea: research support; Medtronic: research support; Medtronic Sofamor; Danek: other financial or material support; Misonix: other financial or material support; Nuvasive: other financial or material support; research support; RPR Surgical Corporation: other financial or material support; Scoliosis Research Society: research support; Sea Spine: other financial or material support; Thieme Publishing: publishing royalties, financial or material support; UNYQ: other financial or material support; Washington University: research support; Zimmer: research support; Michael P. Glotzbecker: Biomet: paid presenter or speaker; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: paid presenter or speaker; Medtronic: paid presenter or speaker; Member of CSSG: research support; Member of GSSG: research support; Member of HSG: research support; Nuvasive: paid consultant; paid presenter or speaker; Orthobullets: publishing royalties, financial or material support.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Boston Children’s Hospital IRB approval number: IRB-P00030792.