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Article History

Received: 20 September 2020

Accepted: 14 December 2020

First Online: 13 January 2021

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: SP (grants from NIH and SRS), BY (grants and personal fees from K2M, DePuy Synthes Spine, and NuVasive; personal fees from Medtronic, Orthopediatrics, Stryker, Globus, and Biogen; grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, outside the submitted work; in addition, BY has a patent K2M with royalties paid), PON (other from DePuy Synthes, K2M, OrthoPediatrics, NuVasive, and AlphaTec, during the conduct of the study; grants and other from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation; other from Rady Children’s Specialists; grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from DePuy Synthes Spine and K2M; grants and other from SRS; grants from EOS Imaging; personal fees from Thieme Publishing; grants from NuVasive; other from Electrocore; personal fees from Cubist; other from International Pediatric Orthopedic Think Tank; grants, nonfinancial support, and other from Orthopediatrics; grants and nonfinancial support from Alphatech; grants from Mazor Robotics, outside the submitted work; in addition, PON has a patent “Anchoring Systems and Methods for Correcting Spinal Deformities” [8540754] with royalties paid to DePuy Synthes Spine; a patent “Low Profle Spinal Tethering Systems” [8123749] licensed to DePuy Spine, Inc.; a patent “Screw Placement Guide” [7981117] licensed to DePuy Spine, Inc.; a patent “Compressor for Use in Minimally Invasive Surgery” [7189244] licensed to DePuy Spine, Inc.; and a patent “Posterior Spinal Fixation” pending to K2M).

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.