Dong, Huan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1596-2427
Nandra, Rajpal
Thurston, Dan
Laugharne, Edward
Newton Ede, Matthew
Gardner, Adrian
Mehta, Jwalant
Article History
Received: 27 April 2020
Accepted: 18 January 2021
First Online: 1 February 2021
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Mr Jwalant Mehta has received previous research funding from Stryker/K2M, DepuySynthes, the Paediatric Spine Study Group (PSSG) and Centre for Disruptive Musculoskeletal Investigation (CDMI) for other research projects not related to this paper. The rest of the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: This study was taken from data collected as part of an institutional audit of previously collected, anonymized data from standard care. In these circumstances there is no requirement in the UK for ethical approval or consent. The audit did have Institutional Review Board approval as per the policies and procedures of the institution.