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Article History

Received: 18 May 2021

Accepted: 8 October 2021

First Online: 8 November 2021

Declarations

:

: Dr. Burke and Dr. Speirs declare that they have no conflict of interest. Dr. Scott Nelson has received consulting fees and honorarium not associated with this work from K2M, NuVasive, OrthoSpine, and Orthofix.

: This biomechanical study followed all ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of Loma Linda University approved this study (IRB# 5160178).

: Not applicable.