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Article History

Received: 9 November 2022

Accepted: 4 February 2023

First Online: 9 March 2023

Declarations

:

: Dr. Welborn reports grants from POSNA, grants from Shriners Hospital for Children, during the conduct of the study; personal fees and other from Depuy Synthes, personal fees from Nuvasive, personal fees from Stryker/K2M, personal fees from and Zimmer/Biomet outside the submitted work. Dr. Blakemore reports personal fees from Stryker Spine, other from Pediatric Spine Foundation, other from Spine Deformity Journal, outside the submitted work. In addition, Dr. Blakemore has a patent U.S. Patent Application 10,548,639 pending to Stryker Spine, and a patent.US Patent Application 17/091773 pending to Stryker Spine. Dr. Handford has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miyanji reports personal fees from Depuy Synthes, personal fees from Stryker, personal fees and other from ZimVie, personal fees from Orthopaediatrics, grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, other from AO Fracture, other from AO tumour, other from AO Deformity, outside the submitted work. Dr. Parent reports personal fees from EOS-imaging, personal fees from Spinologics, personal fees from K2M, personal fees from EOS-imaging, personal fees from DePuy Synthes Spine, other from Academic Research chair in spine deformities of the CHU Sainte-Justine (DePuy), grants from DePuy Synthes Spine, grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research, grants from Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, grants from Scoliosis Research Society, grants from EOS imaging, grants from Canadian Foundation for Innovation, grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, grants from Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada, grants from Fonds de recherche Québec—Santé, grants and other from Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation, other from DePuy Synthes, other from Medtronic, other from Orthopaediatrics, outside the submitted work. Dr. El-Hawary reports grants and personal fees from Medtronic Canada, grants and personal fees from Depuy Synthes Spine, personal fees and other from Orthopediatrics, outside the submitted work.

: This is a Western IRB approved study #20160128.

: “All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (include name of committee + reference number) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.”

: Informed consent was obtained from all patients and their parents.