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Article History

Received: 26 August 2023

Accepted: 4 November 2023

First Online: 26 December 2023

Declarations

:

: No conflicts of interest by any author are directed related to this study. Christina M. Regan has no disclosures. Jessica Morgan and Tricia St. Hilaire MPH are employed by Pediatric Spine Foundation. Relationships disclosed are as follows: a, grants/research support; b, consultant; c, stock/shareholder (self-managed); d, speaker’s bureau; e, advisory board or panel; f, employee, salary (commercial interest); g, other financial or material support (royalties, patents, etc.). Ron El-Hawary: DePuy Synthes (a, b); Medtronic (a, b); OrthoPediatrics (b, c, e); Zimmer Biomet (a) Joshua M. Pahys: DePuy Synthes (b); NuVasive (b); Zimmer Biomet (b) David L. Skaggs CHLA Foundation (e); Top Doctors (b); Green Sun Medical (c); Pediatric Spine Foundation (e); Pediatric Spine Study Group (e); Journal of Children’s Orthopaedics (e); Medtronic (g); NuVasive (a); Orthobullets (b, c, e); Orthopedics Today (e); Spine Deformity (e); Zimmer Biomet (b, d, g); Zipline Medical Inc. (c); Globus Medical (b, g); Wolters Kluwer Health (g) Burt Yaszay: Stryker Spine (a, b, g); DePuy Synthes (a, b); NuVasive (a, b, g); Globus Medical (g); OrthoPediatrics (g); Biogen (b); Medtronic (b) A. Noelle Larson, M.D. Zimmer (b), Medtronic (b), Depuy Synthes (b), and Globus (b, g).

: This retrospective comparative study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board approved all aspects of this study (IRB 13–001342).