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Authors
Samdani, Amer F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4206-610X
Plachta, Stephen M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-9533
Pahys, Joshua M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8965-354X
Quinonez, Alejandro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8640-4687
Samuel, Solomon P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3964-1553
Hwang, Stephen W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-3683
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Article History
Received: 6 April 2023
Accepted: 18 November 2023
First Online: 24 December 2023
Declarations
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: The authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this paper. Other disclosures: AFS: Consultant DePuy Synthes Spine, Ethicon, Globus Medical, Medical Device Business Services, Mirus, NuVasive, Orthofix, Stryker, ZimVie. Royalties NuVasive, Zimvie. JMP: Consultant DePuy Synthes Spine, NuVasive, ZimVie. SWH: Stocks/options: Auctus. SMP, AQ, and SPS report no conflicts of interest.
: This study was approved by Western IRB (#1161547).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
