Cetik, Riza M. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9390-4129
Gum, Jeffrey L.
Lafage, Renaud
Smith, Justin S.
Bess, Shay
Mullin, Jeffrey P.
Kelly, Michael P.
Diebo, Bassel G.
Buell, Thomas J.
Scheer, Justin K.
Line, Breton G.
Lafage, Virginie
Klineberg, Eric O.
Kim, Han Jo
Passias, Peter G.
Kebaish, Khaled M.
Eastlack, Robert K.
Daniels, Alan H.
Soroceanu, Alex
Mundis, Gregory M.
Hostin, Richard A.
Protopsaltis, Themistocles S.
Hamilton, D. Kojo
Hart, Robert A.
Gupta, Munish C.
Lewis, Stephen J.
Schwab, Frank J.
Lenke, Lawrence G.
Shaffrey, Christopher I.
Ames, Christopher P.
Burton, Douglas C.
,
Funding for this research was provided by:
International Spine Study Group
Article History
Received: 25 April 2024
Accepted: 28 August 2024
First Online: 12 September 2024
Declarations
:
: Riza M. Cetik—None. Jeffrey L. Gum—Acuity: IP royalties, paid consultant, Alan L. & Jacqueline B; Stuart Spine Research: research support; Biom’Up: research support; Cerapedics: research support; Cingulate Therapeutics: Stock or stock Options; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker; Empirical Spine, Inc.: research support; Expanding Innovations: paid consultant; FYR Medical: paid consultant; Stock or stock Options; Global Spine Journal–Reviewer: editorial or governing board; K2M/Stryker: board or committee member; KyANA: paid presenter or speaker; MAZOR Surgical Technologies: paid consultant; Medtronic: board or committee member, IP royalties, paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker; research support; National Spine Health Foundation: board or committee member, research support; Norton Healthcare: research support; Nuvasive: IP royalties, paid consultant; Pfizer: research support; Scoliosis Research Society: research support; Spine Deformity-Reviewer: editorial or governing board; Stryker: paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker, research support; Texas Scottish Rite Hospital: research support; The Spine Journal-Reviewer: editorial or governing board. Renaud Lafage—Carlsmed: paid consultant. Justin S. Smith—Alphatec Spine: Stock or stock Options; Carlsmed: paid consultant; Cerapedics: paid consultant; DePuy: research support; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: paid consultant; Journal of Neurosurgery Spine: editorial or governing board; Neurosurgery: editorial or governing board; Nuvasive: IP royalties, paid consultant, research support, Stock or stock Options; Operative Neurosurgery: editorial or governing board; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; SeaSpine: paid consultant; Spine Deformity: editorial or governing board; Stryker: paid consultant; Thieme: publishing royalties, financial or material support; Zimmer: IP royalties, paid consultant. Shay Bess—AlloSource: research support; Alphatec Spine: paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker; Biomet: research support; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: paid consultant, research support; EOS: research support; Globus Medical: research support; k2 medical: IP royalties, paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker, research support; Medtronic Sofamor Danek: research support; North American Spine Society: board or committee member; Nuvasive: IP royalties, research support; Orthofix, Inc.: paid consultant, research support; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Stryker: IP royalties, paid presenter or speaker. Jeffrey P. Mullin—Medtronic: paid consultant; Nuvasive: paid consultant. Michael P. Kelly—AO Spine: board or committee member; Cervical Spine Research Society: board or committee member; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Spine: editorial or governing board. Bassel Diebo—none. Thomas J. Buell—none. Justin K. Scheer—none. Breton G. Line—ISSGF: paid consultant. Virginie Lafage—Alphatec Spine: paid consultant; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: paid presenter or speaker; European Spine Journal: editorial or governing board; Globus Medical: paid consultant; International Spine Study Group: board or committee member; Nuvasive: IP royalties; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Stryker: paid presenter or speaker. Eric O. Klineberg—Agnovos: paid consultant; AO: paid consultant; AO Spine: board or committee member, research support; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: paid consultant; Medtronic: paid consultant; SI Bone: paid consultant; Stryker: paid consultant. Han Jo Kim—AAOS: board or committee member; Acuity Surgical: IP royalties; HSS Journal, Asian Spine Journal: editorial or governing board; International Spine Society Group (ISSG): IP royalties; ISSGF: research support; K2M: IP royalties; Nuvasive: paid consultant; Operative, Neurosurgery: editorial or governing board; SI BONE: research support; Zimmer: IP royalties. Peter G. Passias—Cerapedics: other financial or material support; Cervical Scoliosis Research Society: research support; Globus Medical: paid presenter or speaker; Medtronic: paid consultant; Royal Biologics: paid consultant; Spine: editorial or governing board; Spinevision: other financial or material support; SpineWave: paid consultant; Terumo: paid consultant. Khaled M. Kebaish—DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: IP royalties, paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker, research support; Orthofix, Inc.: IP royalties, paid consultant; Orthofix, Inc., K2 medical Inc.: paid presenter or speaker; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Stryker: IP royalties. Robert K. Eastlack—Aesculap/B.Braun: IP royalties, paid consultant; Alphatec Spine: Stock or stock Options; Biedermann-Motech: paid consultant; Carevature: paid consultant, Stock or stock Options; Globus Medical: IP royalties; Invuity: Stock or stock Options; Johnson & Johnson: paid consultant; Medtronic: paid consultant; Medtronic Sofamor Danek: research support; Neo Spine: paid consultant; Nocimed: Stock or stock Options; Nuvasive: IP royalties, paid consultant, research support, Stock or stock Options; Radius: paid presenter or speaker; San Diego Orthopaedic Society: board or committee member; San Diego Spine Foundation: board or committee member; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Seaspine: IP royalties, paid consultant, research support, Stock or stock Options; SI Bone: IP royalties, paid consultant, Stock or stock Options; Silony: paid consultant; Spinal Elements: paid consultant; Spine Innovations: Stock or stock Options. Alan H. Daniels—Medicrea: IP royalties; Medtronic: paid consultant, research support; Orthofix, Inc.: research support; Spineart: IP royalties; Stryker: IP royalties. Alex Soroceanu—none. Gregory M. Mundis—Alphatec Spine: Stock or stock Options; Carlsmed: paid consultant; ISSGF: research support; Nuvasive: IP royalties, paid consultant, Stock or stock Options; Orthofix, Inc.: Stock or stock Options; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Seaspine: IP royalties, paid consultant; SIBone: paid consultant; Society of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: board or committee member; Stryker: IP royalties; Viseon: paid consultant. Richard A. Hostin—none. Themistocles S. Protopsaltis—Altus: IP royalties; Globus Medical: paid consultant; Medtronic: paid consultant, research support; Nuvasive: paid consultant; OnePoint Surgical: Stock or stock Options; Stryker: paid consultant. D. Kojo Hamilton—European Spine Journal: editorial or governing board; Nuvasive: research support. Robert A. Hart—American Orthopaedic Association: board or committee member; Cervical Spine Research Society: board or committee member; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: IP royalties; paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker; Globus Medical: IP royalties, paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker; International Spine Study Group: board or committee member; ISSLS Textbook of the Lumbar Spine: editorial or governing board; Medtronic: paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker; North American Spine Society: board or committee member; Orthofix, Inc.: paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; SeaSpine: IP royalties; Spine Connect: Stock or stock Options; Western Ortho Assn: board or committee member. Munish C. Gupta—AO Spine Faculty, travel: board or committee member; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: IP royalties, paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker; European Spine Journal-Advisory Board: editorial or governing board; Global Spine Journal-Reviewer: editorial or governing board; Innomed: IP royalties; Johnson & Johnson: Stock or stock Options; Medtronic: paid consultant; Spine Deformity-Reviewer: editorial or governing board; SRS-Board of Directors: board or committee member; SRS-IMAST & Education committee: board or committee member; Wolters Kluwer Health-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: publishing royalties, financial or material support. Stephen J. Lewis—AO Spine: board or committee member, paid presenter or speaker; Augmedics: Stock or stock Options; Covr medical: Stock or stock Options; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: paid presenter or speaker; Medtronic Sofamor Danek: other financial or material support, paid presenter or speaker; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Spinal Deformity Journal: editorial or governing board; Spine: editorial or governing board; Stryker: other financial or material support, paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker; Thompson medical: Stock or stock Options. Frank J. Schwab—DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: research support; K2M: IP royalties; Mainstay Medical: paid consultant; Medtronic: paid consultant; Medtronic Sofamor Danek: IP royalties; Nuvasive: research support; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; See Spine LLC: Stock or stock Options; spine deformity: editorial or governing board; Stryker: research support; VFT Solutions: Stock or stock Options; VP of International Spine Society Group (ISSG): board or committee member; Zimmer: IP royalties, paid consultant. Lawrence G. Lenke—Abryx: paid consultant; Acuity Surgical: IP royalties, paid consultant; AO Spine: research support; Backtalk (Scoliosis Assn): editorial or governing board; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: paid consultant, research support; EOS: research support; EOS Technologies: paid consultant; Evans Family Donation—grateful patient—philanthropic support, other financial or material support; Fox Family Foundation-philanthropic research funding from grateful patient: other financial or material support; Fox Rothschild, LLC-expert witness in a Patent Infringement case: other financial or material support; Global Spine Outreach: board or committee member; Journal of Neurosurgery, Spine: editorial or governing board; Medtronic: IP royalties, paid consultant; Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation: board or committee member; Scoliosis: editorial or governing board; Scoliosis Research Society: research support; Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: research support; Spine Deformity Journal: editorial or governing board; Spine, Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques: editorial or governing board; : editorial or governing board; : editorial or governing board. Christopher I. Shaffrey—AANS: board or committee member; Cervical Spine Research Society: board or committee member; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: paid presenter or speaker, research support; Globus Medical: research support; Medtronic: other financial or material support, paid consultant; Medtronic Sofamor Danek: IP royalties, paid presenter or speaker, research support; Neurosurgery RRC: board or committee member; Nuvasive: IP royalties, paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker, research support, Stock or stock Options; Proprio: paid consultant; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; SI Bone: IP royalties; Spinal Deformity: editorial or governing board; Spine: editorial or governing board. Christopher P. Ames—Agada Medical: paid consultant; Biomet Spine: IP royalties; Carlsmed: paid consultant; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: IP royalties, paid consultant, research support; Global Spine Analytics-Director: other financial or material support; International Spine Study Group (ISSG): research support; International Spine Study Group (ISSG)-Executive Committee: other financial or material support; K2M: IP royalties, paid consultant; Medicrea: IP royalties, paid consultant; Medtronic: paid consultant; Next Orthosurgical: IP royalties; Nuvasive: IP royalties; Operative Neurosurgery-Editorial Board: other financial or material support; Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-Grant Funding: other financial or material support; SRS Safety and Value Committee-Chair: other financial or material support; Stryker: IP royalties; Titan Spine: research support. Douglas C. Burton—Blue Ocean Spine: IP royalties; DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: research support; Globus Medical: IP royalties, paid consultant; International Spine Study Group: research support; Progenerative Medical: Stock or stock Options; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Spine Deformity: editorial or governing board.
: Institutional review board approval was obtained from all contributing centers, and patient enrollment included full consent.