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Article History

Received: 7 April 2024

Accepted: 1 September 2024

First Online: 16 September 2024

Declarations

:

: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest in this work.

: Approved by Institutional review board. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: This retrospective study solely involved the analysis of results and did not influence the standard algorithm for examination and treatment. As such, a specific informed consent for participation in the study was not obtained. Instead, the standard consent for examination and treatment was administered during the course of diagnosis and treatment. In accordance with ethical guidelines, it is important to note that this study was exempt from obtaining a distinct informed consent for retrospective analysis. The study adheres to applicable regulations, and the exemption has been approved by Ilizarov Center IRB.