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Article History

Received: 16 March 2023

Accepted: 9 April 2025

First Online: 11 May 2025

Change Date: 29 June 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: In the online version of the article author Suken A. Shah was listed twice.

Declarations

:

: AA, NG, ACU, DBK, and PKY have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. SAS, PDS, BY, AFS, and FM report grants from the Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation. PDS, AJ, and AFS report consulting fees from Globus Medical outside the scope of this work. SAS, PDS, AJ, BY, AFS, and FM report consulting fees from DePuy Synthes outside the scope of this work. AJ, BY, AFS, and FM report consulting fees from Stryker outside the scope of this work. PDS, BY, and AFS report consulting fees from NuVasive outside the scope of this work. AFS and FM report consulting fees from Zimmer Biomet outside the scope of this work. AJ reports an NIH R01 grant outside the scope of this work. BY reports consulting fees from Metronic and Biogen and royalties from Stryker, NuVasive, Globus, and Orthopediatrics outside the scope of this work. AFS reports consulting fees from Ethicon, Medical Device Business Services, Mirus, Orthofix outside the scope of this work. FM reports consulting fees from Orthopediatrics, royalties from Zimmer Biomet, and fellowship support from DePuy Synthes outside the scope of this work.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Each participating institution (Nemours Children’s Health, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Seattle Childrens’ Hospital, Shriners Hospital for Children, and BC Children’s Hospital) underwent institutional review board approval and informed consent was obtained from caregivers prior to study participation. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.