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Article History

Received: 11 March 2025

Accepted: 22 April 2025

First Online: 5 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Patricia Lipson and Takeshi Fujii declare they have no financial interests. Rafael Garcia de Oliveira is a paid consultant for Depuy Synthesis and Spineart. Jean-Christophe Leveque is a paid consultant for Axis spine and a paid presenter for Nuvasive and SI-Bone. Philip Louie is a paid consult for Alphatec Spine, Augmedics, Depuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company, and Viseon; he receives publishing royalties and/or financial or material support from Elsevier, Springer, and Thieme. Rajiv Sethi is a paid consultant for Alphatec Spine, Medtronic, Mighty Oak Medical, Nuvasive, Stryker, and Surgalign; he reeives IP royalties from Medicrea and Orthofix, Inc.

: Patricia Lipson and Takeshi Fujii have no non-financial interests. Rafael Garcia de Oliveira is on the committee for DEI for the Scoliosis Research Society. Jean-Christophe Leveque is a board member of the Scoliosis Research Society and Lumbar Spine Research Society. Philip Louie is a committee member of AO Spine. Venu Nemani is involved with Augmedics, Medtronic, Mighty Oak Medical, Seaspine Orthopedics Corporation as a professional activity; he is part of the Education and Research Grants Committee for the Scoliosis Research Society and Cervical Spine Research Society and is on the scientific advisory board for the National Spine Health Foundation. Rajiv Sethi is on the governing board of Journal of Spine Deformity and is a board or committee member of Scoliosis Research Society, Spine Safety Foundation, and Washington State Orthopaedic Association.

: This study received IRB approval (IRB15063) to conduct database studies pertaining to multidisciplinary research for complex spine surgery.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.