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Article History

Received: 7 December 2024

Accepted: 20 July 2025

First Online: 8 August 2025

Declarations

:

: LB has no conflicts of interest to disclose. RRG has no conflicts of interest to disclose. MSM has no conflicts of interest to disclose. KL has no conflicts of interest to disclose. RRI has no conflicts of interest to disclose. NB has no conflicts of interest to disclose. BDR has received grants from the Pediatric Orthopedic Society of North America, Scoliosis Research Society, and Orthopedic Science Research Foundation. MGV has received grants from the Pediatric Orthopedic Society of North America, Orthopedic Science Research Foundation, Pediatric Spine Foundation, and Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation and royalties from Biomet. He is a paid consultant for Stryker, Biomet, and NuVasive. MGV is on the Board of Directors of Pediatric Spine Foundation, Pediatric Spine Study Group, and C4K. He is former president of Pediatric Orthopedic Society of North America and is a Board Member, Chair Emeritus of the International Pediatric Orthopedic Symposium.

: This study was approved by the Columbia University Institutional Review Board under protocol AAAR0117. It was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was waived for participants included in this study.

: No patient-identifying information is included in the article. Not applicable.