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Article History

Received: 18 April 2025

Accepted: 3 August 2025

First Online: 26 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Taylor Jackson, Fthimnir Hassan, Matthew Weintraub, Omar Taha, Mehdi Elfilali, Edwin Kulubya, Erik Lewerenz, Justin L. Reyes, Riley Sevensky, Josephine R. Coury, Andrew Zhang, and Michael J. Strong have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Lawrence G. Lenke has received grant support from AO Spine, International Spine Summit Group, Scoliosis Research Society, EOS Technology, and Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation as a study investigator. Ronald A. Lehman has received grant support from the Department of Defense as a study investigator. Zeeshan M. Sardar, Joseph M. Lombardi, Ronald A. Lehman, and Lawrence G. Lenke have received consulting fees from Medtronic. Lawrence G. Lenke has received consulting fees from Acuity Surgical, Momentum Health, and Abryx. Lawrence G. Lenke has received reimbursements from Broadwater, AO Spine, and Scoliosis Research Society for attending meetings/travel. Ronald A. Lehman and Lawrence G. Lenke have received royalties and are patent holders from Medtronic. Joseph M. Lombardi has received consulting fees from Stryker.

: AAAU9007. This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of Columbia University Irving Medical Center approved this study.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.