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Authors
Abid, Rayyan
Ren, Bryan O.
Murphy, Robert F.
Sawyer, Jeffrey R.
Flynn, John M.
Emans, John B.
Smith, John T.
Sponseller, Paul D.
Ramirez, Norman
Hardesty, Christina K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8643-6889
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
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: Individual authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. IRB approval was obtained from each institution participating in the Pediatric Spine Foundation Database.
