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Authors
Lima, Judy-Mae https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2540-3427
McIntosh, Amy L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-4901
Sucato, Daniel J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-5551
Johnson, Megan E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5968-9469
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
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: Judy-Mae Lima has no relevant financial or non-financial interest to disclose. Dr. Amy L. McIntosh has no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose related to this work, however, she is a part of the Pediatric Advisory Council for Globus/NuVasive and a consultant for Medtronic. Dr. Daniel Sucato has no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose related to this work, however, he receives royalties from Globus Medical. Dr. Megan Johnson has no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose related to this work, however, she is a consultant/advisor for Depuy/Globus/NuVasive.
: This research involved a retrospective review of existing clinical data and imaging, informed consent was not required in accordance with institutional policy and applicable federal regulations.
: IRB approval was obtained prior to the initiation of the study (IRB #20250795).
: Clinical photographs included in the study were collected under a valid Media Authorization Form previously signed by the participants, permitting their use for research and educational purposes.
