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Authors
Yoshida, Brandon
Tetreault, Tyler A.
Drake, Luke
Phan, Tiffany
Valenzuela-Moss, Jacquelyn
Wren, Tishya A. L.
Andras, Lindsay M.
Heffernan, Michael J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-3367
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Southern California
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Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: Lindsay M. Andras, MD: Eli Lilly: Stock or stock Options; Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics: Editorial or governing board; Nuvasive: Paid consultant; Paid presenter or speaker; Orthobullets: Publishing royalties, financial or material support; Orthopediatrics: Royalties; Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: Board or committee member; Scoliosis Research Society: Board or committee member; Zimmer Biomet: Paid presenter or speaker. Brandon Yoshida, Tyler Tetreault, Tiffany Phan, Jacquelyn Valenzuela-Moss, Tishya Wren, and Michael Heffernan have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
: Informed consent and a waiver of consent was obtained in this registry.
: This study has been carried out with approval from the Institutional Review Board at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles.
