Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 December 2025

Revised: 24 January 2026

Accepted: 6 March 2026

First Online: 24 March 2026

Declarations

:

: No human experimentation was performed. The reference centre (Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy, protocol no. PG/2020/9414, dated 29 April 2020) obtained ethics committee approval for this retrospective study, which the other participating centres accepted. The study was performed in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its amendments.

: was obtained from all patients at the time of enrolment. All procedures were executed in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

: A.T. has served as a speaker and/or consultant for AbbVie, Bayer, Fenix Pharma, Galápagos, Janssen, Nalkein, Omega Pharma, and SILA; R.P. has received sponsorship for participation in national and/or international conferences from Pfizer Inc., Eli Lilly, Alfasigma, and Abbvie; G.M. has served as speaker for and/or received advisory board fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Aurora Biopharma, Biogen, Celltrion, Chiesi, Fenix Pharma, Ferring, Galápagos, Janssen, MSD, Omega Pharma, Sandoz, Takeda, and Vifor Pharma; F.S. served as a lecturer for AbbVie, Celltrion, Ferring, Janssen, Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Takeda; E.V.S. has served as a speaker for AbbVie, AGPharma, Alfasigma, Dr Falk, EG Stada Group, Fresenius Kabi, Grifols, Janssen, Innovamedica, Malesci, Pfizer, Reckitt Benckiser, Sandoz, SILA, Sofar, Takeda, and Unifarco and has served as consultant for Alfasigma, Amgen, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Diadema Farmaceutici, Dr Falk, Fresenius Kabi, Janssen, Merck & Co., Reckitt Benckiser, Regeneron, Sanofi, Shire, SILA, Sofar, Synformulas GmbH, Takeda, and Unifarco; he received research support from Pfizer, Reckitt Benckiser, SILA, Sofar, and Unifarco; G.M. has served as a speaker for and/or has received advisory board fees from AlfaSigma, Arena, Janssen, Gilead, and Roche; A.P. received speaker fees from Alfasigma and Janssen; A.G.G. has conducted training activities [e.g. educational continuing medical activities (ECM), preceptorship] for Pfizer, Galapagos Biopharma, and AbbVie.