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Authors
Łach, Andrzej https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-7923
Pietrzak-Wawrzyńska, Bernadeta A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-1120
Przepiórska-Drońska, Karolina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-1283
Wnuk, Agnieszka https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-3902
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Article History
Received: 26 January 2026
Revised: 5 May 2026
Accepted: 7 May 2026
First Online: 28 May 2026
Declarations
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: The experiments were conducted in compliance with European Union Legislation (Directive 2010/63/EU, amended by Regulations (EU) 2019/1010 and 2024/1262). The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Animals were euthanized using established humane methods solely for the use of their organs or tissues. In accordance with Directive 2010/63/EU (Article 3), as implemented in Polish legislation, these activities do not meet the definition of experimental procedures. Consequently, formal ethical approval from 2 nd Local Ethical Committee for Animal Experimentation in Krakow was not required under the applicable regulatory framework. Consent to participate is not applicable. The schemes were created with .
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
