Document is current

Article History

Received: 27 May 2025

Accepted: 2 December 2025

First Online: 9 January 2026

Declarations

:

: MJC is Director of the Centre for the Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Deputy Director of the Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation and is a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator. MJC receives funding outside the submitted work from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), NIHR ARC West Midlands, LifeArc, European Regional Development Fund, Innovate UK (part of UKRI), Merck, GSK and Gilead. MC has received personal fees from Aparito Ltd, Boehringer Ingelheim, CIS Oncology, Halfloop, ICON, Merck, Pfizer and Vertex outside the submitted work. JDP receives funding outside the submitted work from the United States Food and Drug Administration, UK Research and Innovation, and LifeArc. He has received personal fees from Orphalan SA, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Beta6, and DayOne Pharmaceuticals. JR receives funding outside the submitted work to her institution from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, EuroQol Foundation, Cancer Council of Tasmania, Gilead Sciences, Movember Foundation, and Pfizer Inc. Outside the submitted work, she is an Editor-in-Chief of Quality of Life Research. MB receives funding outside the submitted work to her institution from Gilead Sciences. EB receives funds as a scientific advisor for Navigating Cancer, Resilience Health, and Thyme Care; he receives research funding to his institution from the National Cancer Institute and from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. DC is President of FACIT.org, which licenses and distributes questionnaires that include item GP5. MLS, GT and AZ have no competing interests to report.