Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52475337)
Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LH2022E057)
the foundation of National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals, Harbin Institute of Technology (JCKYS2024603C003)
the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023T160158)
Article History
Received: 9 March 2025
Revised: 1 July 2025
Accepted: 19 July 2025
First Online: 26 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.