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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12162028)
The Projects for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation of Ningxia (No. KJT2019001)
The innovation team for multi-scale mechanics and its engineering applications of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2021)
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Revised: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 9 August 2025
First Online: 16 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
