Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Project of Ningxia Natural Science Foundation (2024AAC02015)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12162028)
Projects for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation of Ningxia (KJT2019001)
in- novation team for multiscale mechanics and its engineering applications of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (in- novation team for multiscale mechanics and its engineering applications of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2021))
Article History
Received: 8 June 2025
Revised: 24 November 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.