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Authors
Karmakar, Arnab https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4212-4805
Chatterjee, Arindam
Vadadoriya, Kevin G.
Samanta, Swarnendu
Sau, Arkaprabha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-3272
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Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: The study was approved by the Ethics committee of the Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (S.S.K.M. Hospital) and Peerless Hospital, Kolkata, India and in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All patients provided written consent before being admitted for surgery.
: Patient data were collected and stored with informed consent for participation and research result publication conforming with the National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used Gemini and Grammarly to English language refinement and grammar correction. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.
