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Authors
Tai, Wei-Che
Liao, Jen-Chung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1187-8153
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou (CMRPG5L0111)
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Article History
Received: 30 January 2024
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Declarations
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: The author declared that there are no competing interests.
: This study did not involve human participants, human tissues, or animals. All experiments were conducted using commercially available synthetic lumbar spine models (SAWBONES). Therefore, institutional ethics committee approval was not required.
: For this type of study informed consent is not required.
