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Article History

Received: 13 November 2024

Accepted: 25 June 2025

First Online: 9 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Research, The Sherwan Institute of Online Education (No. SIOE1248/2024), and relevant survey procedures were in line with the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent for participation in this study was provided by the participants.

: The study was conducted with equal participation by all authors.

: The paper’s publication is permitted by all of the authors.

: Before participating in the study, all individuals and/or their legal guardians gave informed consent throughout the interview and survey stages. This ensured that all study participants understood its purpose and their role in ethics.

: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest (financial or non-financial) that exists with respect to the article we have submitted.