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Authors
Boostani, Pariman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-5871
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2024
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 15 August 2025
Declarations
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: The raw data is provided by European Social Survey European Research Infrastructure (ESS ERIC), and prepared and made available by Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway. Neither European Social Survey European Research ESS ERIC nor Sikt are responsible for the analyses/interpretation of the data presented in this paper.
: While preparing this work, the author used Grammarly to check the cohesion and coherence of the paper. After using this tool, the author reviewed and edited the content as needed and takes full responsibility for the content of the published article.
: The author declares that they have no conflicts of interest.
