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Article History

Received: 28 April 2025

Accepted: 7 January 2026

First Online: 24 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Research Ethics Committee, where the author pursued doctoral studies, as acknowledged later in the manuscript. All procedures complied with national and international guidelines for research involving human participants. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants after the objectives and procedures of the study were clearly explained in a language they understood. Written consent was not feasible due to literacy limitations, and verbal consent was deemed culturally appropriate. Participation was entirely voluntary, confidentiality was assured, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without consequence.

: Not applicable.

: The author declares no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article. No financial or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence the research have been identified.