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Article History

Received: 27 March 2025

Accepted: 14 January 2026

First Online: 4 February 2026

Declarations

: We hereby declare that this research work is original and has been conducted by the authors. It has not been previously published, nor is it under consideration for publication in any other journal.

: This study did not involve human participants, human data, or human tissue. All data used in this research were obtained from publicly available secondary sources, including the DAY-NRLM website, the Assam Human Development Report (2014), the Statistical Handbook of Assam, and Census data. Therefore, ethical approval was not required. The study adheres to all relevant ethical guidelines for research using secondary data.

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. As the study is based entirely on secondary data obtained from publicly available sources, informed consent was not required.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interest in this publication.