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Article History

Received: 10 January 2025

Accepted: 19 February 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

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: This study adhered to ethical standards by obtaining informed consent from all participants, ensuring voluntary participation, and maintaining confidentiality. Data were anonymized and used solely for academic purposes. Cultural sensitivity was upheld throughout the research, respecting Acehnese traditions and community values. The authors declare that this study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of academic research. All participants were informed about the objectives of the study and participated voluntarily. Informed consent was obtained prior to data collection, and participants were assured of the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses. No personal identifying information was collected, and all data were analyzed in aggregate form to protect the privacy of individuals. The research adheres to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national regulations.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. Participants were assured of confidentiality and the right to withdraw at any time without penalty.

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.