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Article History

Received: 28 February 2025

Accepted: 21 May 2025

First Online: 13 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: This study did not involve human participants; therefore, no informed consent was required. However, the research was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines and standards to ensure that all data used in the analysis were ethically sourced. All secondary data utilized were publicly available and obtained from legitimate sources, with no personal or sensitive information collected.

: Ibrahim Farouq is assigned as Corresponding Author and acts on behalf of all co-authors and ensures that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately addressed.