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Article History

Received: 13 December 2024

Accepted: 5 March 2025

First Online: 22 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The research obtained ethical authorisation prior to feld data collection from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) following the regulations and ethical review procedure of the Foundation University Islamabad (FUI), Pakistan. In addition, informed consent was requested from the respondents and strict confdentiality was guaranteed via ethical statement in questionnaires in each phase of data collection.

: Both authors give consent to publish the article. Note. During the preparation of this work the author(s) used ChatGPT 3.5 in order to improve logic, flow, and sequencing of the argumentation. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.