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Authors
Shaari, Mohd Shahidan
Sulong, Amri
Karim, Zulkefly Abdul
Ridzuan, Abdul Rahim
Esquivias, Miguel Angel
Ullah, Ehsan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitas Airlangga
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Article History
Received: 4 February 2025
Accepted: 2 April 2025
First Online: 24 April 2025
Declarations
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: This study does not involve any human participants or animals, and therefore, no ethical approval was required. The research adheres to ethical guidelines in the analysis of secondary data. All data used in this study were publicly available, and no personal or confidential information was included. The findings of this study reflect the relationship between economic and environmental factors and life expectancy in Malaysia, without any conflicts of interest from the authors.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
