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Authors
Salleh, Masrina Nadia Mohd https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-0317
Alwi, Shaliza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6103-8382
Rosnan, Herwina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-7097
Wahab, Norwazli Abdul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-7338
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2024
Accepted: 18 April 2025
First Online: 6 May 2025
Declarations
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: This research has been approved by the UTM Research Ethics Committee (UTM REC) under the reference number UTM.K.55.01.03/13.11/1/4. All necessary ethical considerations were observed in the conduct of this study, ensuring compliance with applicable research ethics standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
