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Article History

Received: 8 October 2024

Accepted: 28 April 2025

First Online: 30 July 2025

Declarations

:

: We collected data on existing natural forests under different fallow periods. We took field measurements on the existing stand but did not take any plant, animal, soil, and any biological resources from the system. Before conducting the field data discussion was held with local farms who own these lands and an agreement was reached to conduct the research. We also discussed and agreed with government institutions at Zonal, district, and Kebele levels to conduct the research. This research was also approved by the scientific community in the research review forum. The local farmers, who are the owners of the fallow lands, were involved in the whole process of data collection.

: We declare that this manuscript is our original research article and has not been published before and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere.

: The authors declare no competing interests.