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Authors
Al Koliby, Ibraheem Saleh
Noor, Nurul Hidayana Mohd
Al-Swidi, Abdullah Kaid
Al-Hakimi, Mohammed A.
Mehat, Nurul Aini Binti
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Article History
Received: 26 December 2024
Accepted: 20 May 2025
First Online: 28 May 2025
Declarations
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: This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of School of International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia, which guarantees that ethical guidelines are followed for research involving human subjects. Participants were given written informed consent forms that outlined the study’s nature and purpose, as well as their rights and responsibilities. Since data was collected through online survey forms, this served as written authorization. Participants were assured that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any repercussions and that their participation in it was entirely voluntary.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
