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Article History

Received: 16 October 2024

Accepted: 20 May 2025

First Online: 21 October 2025

Declarations

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: Participants in this research were provided with all the purposes, procedures, and risks associated with carrying out the research. Informed consent was sought from all participants before undertaking participation in the research. Participants were assured that participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time without penalty. The confidentiality and anonymity of all participants’ personal information are ensured during this research process. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and approved by the relevant ethics review board.

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of IQRA National University of IQRA National University, Peshawar, Pakistan. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee

: The authors declare no competing interests related to the research on sustainability discovery. The study was conducted independently without any financial or personal interests that could have influenced the outcomes. No funding was received from organizations that could benefit from the research findings, and the authors have no affiliations with any companies or entities that may have a stake in the results. If any competing interests arise during the course of the project, these will be disclosed in accordance with ethical research guidelines.