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Article History

Received: 27 September 2024

Accepted: 30 May 2025

First Online: 14 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with general ethical standards. Ethics approval waived by Research Centre, Acharya Narendra Dev Nagar Nigam, Mahila Mahavidyalaya Kanpur, Affiliated to CSJM University Kanpur due to the nature of the data collected. The research involved no intervention or manipulation of participants, and all data were collected anonymously through surveys/questionnaires, posing minimal risk to participants.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all students prior to their participation, and they were informed that their participation was voluntary and could be withdrawn at any time without any consequences.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.