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Authors
Asiedu, Esther
Alhassan, Seidu
Majeed, Mohammed
Malcalm, Ebenezer
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Article History
Received: 18 February 2025
Accepted: 9 June 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: Prior to conducting this study, the researchers secured formal approval from Ghana Communication Technology University, Directorate of Research, Innovation, and Consultancy (DRIC). Following clearance from the Internal Review Board (IRB) of DRIC, the manuscript underwent thorough evaluation and was subsequently approved by the DRIC to ensure compliance with research standards (Reference No: DRIC/IRB/201/2024). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants. No participants were under the age of 18.
: This study’s data relied on the Office of the Registrar of Companies list of companies by Statistics report in 2019, and the data used in the study was obtained from Ghana Stock Exchange list of companies.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
