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Article History

Received: 4 February 2025

Accepted: 10 June 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was ethically reviewed and approved by the postgraduate program coordination office at Arba University, verifying compliance with the institution’s ethical guidelines and protocols. Prior to their involvement in this study, each participant was given comprehensive information detailing the study’s objectives, methodology, potential risks and benefits. After this full disclosure, all participants provided written consent affirming their willingness to take part. Participants were assured of confidentiality, as their personal information was kept private.

: This study, titled “Climate-Induced Livelihood Vulnerability among Farm Households across Different Livelihood Zones of Ebenat District, Northwestern Ethiopia,” does not qualify as a clinical trial, as it focuses on assessing climate adaptation and vulnerability through surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Therefore, the clinical trial declaration is “not applicable.”

: The authors declare no competing interests.