Sumandya, I Wayan
Mukminin, Amirul
Widana, I Wayan
Suryawan, I Putu Pasek
Dewi, Ni Wayan Dian Permana
Hendra, Robi
Yaakob, Mohd Faiz Mohd
Article History
Received: 12 April 2025
Accepted: 24 June 2025
First Online: 11 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The Institutional Review Board of Universitas PGRI Mahadewa has waived the requirement for ethical approval for this social research study, as it meets the criteria for exemption under its policy. Informed consent was obtained from all participants in the survey, ensuring they were fully aware of the study’s purpose, procedures, and their rights as respondents.
: Not applicable.
: If there are no competing interests.