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Article History

Received: 21 March 2025

Accepted: 30 June 2025

First Online: 3 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical clearance from the Research Ethics Review Committee of the University of Hargeisa (Ethical Clearance No. DRCS/67/07/2024) prior to the commencement of data collection. Furthermore, explicit verbal informed consent was obtained from each study participant prior to their inclusion. Rigorous measures were implemented to maintain the confidentiality of all data collected, ensuring the protection of participant privacy.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.