Document is current

Article History

Received: 4 January 2025

Accepted: 4 July 2025

First Online: 18 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Although prior approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Tarumanagara University was not initially mandated for this type of protocol, the study adheres to the International Ethical Guidelines for Health-Related Research Involving Humans, developed by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). In line with these standards, ethical approval was still sought and has been duly granted by the Ethics Committee of Tarumanagara University. The research process adhered to the core principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration, which participants were provided with comprehensive information regarding the study’s objectives, methodology, potential benefits, possible risks, and their rights, including the freedom to decline or withdraw from participation at any time without penalty. Consent was obtained voluntarily and without coercion.

: The research process adhered to the core principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration, and the findings, whether yielding positive or negative outcomes, will be reported transparently and with academic integrity.

: The empirical review study, which retrospectively involved human participants through an analysis of questionnaire data from the ministry's main building and bank offices, was conducted according to the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees, as well as the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of Tarumanagara University approved this study.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.