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Article History

Received: 18 January 2025

Accepted: 8 July 2025

First Online: 21 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The data collection for this manuscript was part of joint international research conducted under the Sakura Science Program granted by the Japan Science and Technology Agency. At the time of data collection (2022), this study design normally did not require ethics committee approval in Japan (the local context where the research was conducted). However, to ensure protection of participants, all authors have completed mandatory courses on responsible conduct of research at their institution. A prior consent had been obtained about the use of data for publishing papers before the project started. The authors confirmed that there is no sensitive issue for the participants in the data used for this manuscript. In addition, this research adhered to both institutional and national guidelines, following the principles of the European Commission's 2018 declaration on Ethics in Social Science and Humanities, as well as the 1964 Helsinki Declaration.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.