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Authors
Khan, Muhammad
Amir-ud-Din, Rafi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-3382
Atif, Rao Muhammad
Bharadwaj, Bishal
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Higher Education Commision, Pakistan (GCF-860)
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Article History
Received: 23 May 2025
Accepted: 15 July 2025
First Online: 14 August 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Departmental Academic Research Committee (DARC), Department of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study.
: All participants consented to the publication of anonymised data derived from their participation in the study. No personally identifiable information has been included.
: >The authors declare no competing interests.
